Литография и хромолитография в мире искусства

20 мая 2016, 10:37

При литографии краска под давлением переносится с плоской печатной формы на бумагу. Это своеобразный способ печати. Хромолитография – это цветной способ печати или цветная литография. В данной техники искусства, другими словами, оттиски получаются переносом краски под давлением с плоской (нерельефной) печатной формы непосредственно на бумагу. Нередко изображение переводится на камень с рисунка, выполненного на специальной литографской бумаге - корнпапире. Печатание производят на специальном станке.

Литография изобретена между 1796-98 в Германии А. Зенефельдером. В XIX в. она широко применялась для воспроизведения картин, исполнения чёрно-белых и многоцветных эстампов (печатаемых с нескольких камней), книжных иллюстраций, географических карт, этикеток, плакатов и тому подобного.

В 1930-х гг. литография стала интенсивно вытесняться из сферы полиграфии более современной офсетной печатью. Потеряв своё промышленное значение, литография остаётся широко распространённой станковой техникой создания художественных эстампов, привлекательной для художников большой свободой авторского исполнения, широким диапазоном художественных графических средств, большой точностью воспроизведения оригинала. Специфический язык художественной литографии оформился в 1820-х гг. во Франции под влиянием романтизма.

В настоящее время литография применяется в качестве дополнения к интерьеру или оформлению печатных изданий.

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