Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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The Prime Minister pledged East Lancashireâs welfare was high on his list of priorities, as shown by this visit. He pointed out that with Rossendale and Darwen MP Jake Berry on his Downing Street policy board, he could not forget the areaâs needs Mr Cameron added: âI just donât accept the argument that the government is not sufficiently focused on Lancashire. We are.
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Many Swiss have questioned over the decades why Switzerland needs a military, given the lack of direct threats and long-standing position of neutrality. With 150,000 troops and six percent of the budget, the armed forces are the size of those of Austria, Belgium, Norway, Finland and Sweden - combined.
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"The White House is making every effort possible to spin the bad news that seems to come every day," spokesman Don Stewart said in a statement. "But the American people know that even this rosy scenario is not what they were promised when Democrats were ramming this bill through Congress on a party-line vote."
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Big aluminum consumers like MillerCoors are setto tell the committee that the banks' control of metalwarehousing firms has driven up industry costs by as much as $3billion. The banks will not speak at the hearing, with theirviews represented by a lawyer who often works with Wall Street.
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Baris Yesildag, 26, selling baklava pastries on the Berlin Turkish street market, says he was born in Germany to Turkish parents but had never been accepted as a German: "I did voluntary military service here, but an officer told me I was only doing it for the money and not for Germany."
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