Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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Throughout his life he retained a strong cockney accent, and in later life had an interest in a pub, The Ship and Bladebone, in Wapping. Ruskin, who revered Turner as an artist, disapproved of the way he “wallowed” there at weekends and destroyed some drawing apparently done there of “of sailors’ women… in every posture of abandonment”. It puzzled his contemporaries that Turner was so unlike the prevailing notion of a genius. The French master Delacroix thought he had “the look of an English farmer”. More often people felt he had the appearance of a sailor – captain of a Thames riverboat perhaps – an impression to which his bow-legs and penetrating gaze contributed.
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The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) is nowready to transfer audit papers to the U.S. Securities andExchange Commission (SEC) and the Public Company AccountingOversight Board (PCAOB), a CSRC spokesman said, confirming localmedia reports. He did not identify the company whose auditdocuments the CSRC is turning over, or say when the handoverwill take place.
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