Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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And should one of the 12 twin-powered generators that creates the electricity fail, a substitute generator will kick in as a back-up. Each generator has its own dedicated engineer, waiting to solve any problems immediately.
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To stimulate competition, healthcare providers will be banned from offering incentives “in cash or kind” to doctors and consultants for using their facilities. Measures will also be introduced to prevent so-called “tying and bundling”, where hospitals with a monopoly in certain areas use their market power to bully insurers into letting them raise their prices.
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While the US and UK governments are now calling the Aug. 21 incident a chemical weapons attack, they have not presented concrete proof. The UN has also not backed the assertions, while its team of chemical weapons inspectors continue to investigate sites of alleged chemical weapons attacks in Syria.
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But the Dodgers still mounted their first real rally of the night, getting a pair of two-out hits by Andre Ethier and A.J. Ellis to give them only their second runner in scoring position of the game. Kuroda fell behind Skip Schumaker 3-1, but he came back and struck him out to keep the game scoreless, showing a rare display of emotion as he walked off the mound.
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The punter quickly made an impact in Denver and is currently the franchise leader in net punting average and in career gross yards. Colquitt also helped the Broncos into the playoffs last season ranking third in the NFL for yard net average at 42.1 on 27 punts and only four touchbacks.
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He went on to tweet that Obamacare, the health reforms that the Republicans had tried to curtail by linking them to the approval of government funding, would not be affected, saying "You can't shut it down."
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Former U.S. National Transportation Safety Board Chairman Mark Rosenker said the Heathrow incident was extraordinary news, coming so soon after the fleet had returned to service, but he cautioned against jumping to conclusions.
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