Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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The chapel, which is steeped in history is where Charles I received Holy Communion before his execution in 1649 and is where Prince William and Prince Harry paid their last respects to their mother before her funeral in 1997 and where Kate Middleton was confirmed into the Church of England in 2011.
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Unions seized on the latest figures produced by British Transport Police which showed thefts rising by 16 per cent in 2012-13, while assaults rose by 2.5 per cent, the first increase in six years.
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AT&T, the No. 2 U.S. mobile service provider reported363,000 net postpaid subscriber additions in the quarter, whichwas better than its year-ago growth and slightly ahead of expectations from eight analysts for over 344,000.
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"Employment readings (in this report) have been choppy from month to month and the swings don't always correlate with monthly payrolls data," said Thomas Simons, money market economist at Jefferies & Co. "That said, lower readings are not what you want to see. The services sector is roughly 85 percent of the economy,"
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Flintshire lived up to rave reports about his potential with a fluent win in the Juddmonte Grand Prix de Paris at Longchamp on Saturday, but ante-post punters are warned that, in all probability, the colt needs top-of-the-ground conditions to be at his best.
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He said that he was on holiday in Cornwall at the time. He said: " I was on holiday at the time. In any case it's not uncommon for the CEO of the company to deal with those matters. Just because I'm not seen on TV does not mean that I'm not leading this project."
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