Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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Amplats, a unit of global mining giant Anglo American which served the workers with lay-off notices on Sept.2, has already backed away from an initial target of 14,000 jobcuts after a fierce backlash from the government and unions,including brief stoppages organised by the AMCU.
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