Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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The propaganda offensive has extended to Syrian state-run media, with Syrian TV devoting long segments to trying to show how life goes on as normal. In one, a Syrian anchor wearing a black T-shirt with the words "I Love Syria," is seen interviewing people in Damascus restaurants and souks as they speak of their love for the president and the army.
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The NHS workforce will have to undergo radical changes if it is to cope with looming challenges in healthcare, such as the rising demand for healthcare posed by growing numbers of elderly people who may be suffering from several long-term conditions such as diabetes, heart trouble and kidney problems, said Imison, who is also a non-executive director of Kingston hospital in south-west London.
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Jean-Pierre Aubry, assistant director at the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, said that Detroit pension costs are average for the country but that the city made a particularly bad bet with the sale of two pension obligation bonds in 2005 and 2006. "Things were going well, until 2009 when the bottom fell out. Then Detroit was saddled with increased pension costs," Aubry said.
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Congress missed a midnight deadline to agree on a spendingbill, resulting in up to 1 million workers being put on unpaidleave. A bipartisan fight over President Barack Obama'shealthcare law was at the center of the impasse.
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France and Germany are deeply divided over how to get Europe out of its present difficulties. Berlin vaunts budgetary discipline as a guaranteed positive influence on growth. Hollande’s centre-right predecessor Nicolas Sarkozy, after hanging back for a long time, came round to a point of view that parts of Germany’s recipe for success could be applied to France. Hollande holds the German model at arm’s length.
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Jones, whose rank is sergeant first class, was charged Wednesday with using his position as an assistant inspector general at Fort Campbell, Ky., to acquire the personal information of active-duty Army officers, including some soldiers deployed in Afghanistan.
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