Крепатура мышц после тренировки. Что делать?
21 апреля 2015, 11:52
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Многим из нас знакома боль в мышцах после тренировки. Даже те люди, которые никогда не посещали тренажерный зал, фитнес клуб или просто местную качалку, знают о, так называемой, крепатуре после резкой физической нагрузки. Но вот откуда она возникает, знают немногие.
Причины появления молочной кислоты
В первую очередь боль в мышцах обусловлена тем, что в процессе силового тренинга мышцы раздуваются, наливаясь кровью. Это, в свою очередь, приводит к временному застою этой крови, а значит, плохому питанию мышц кислородом (анаэробная работа). Также происходит плохой отток продуктов распада, что приводит к их скоплению. По ощущениям самым неприятным для нас является скопление продуктов распада молочной кислоты, которое и являются причиной жжения в мышцах. Молочная кислота, вызывая неприятные ощущения, с другой стороны является сигнальным элементом для выделения нашим организмом стволовых клеток, которые являются универсальным строительным материалом в нашем теле. Так как сигнал для активизации восстановления поступает из мышц, стволовые клетки и направляются на компенсацию потерь именно в мышечных тканях. Процесс, направленный на ускорение роста, еще называют методом повышения интенсивности. О том, как увеличить интенсивность, можно подробнее узнать из соответсвующей статьи "Про повышение интенсивности".
Боль в мышцах - друг или враг
Боль от скопления продуктов распада достаточно быстро проходит, при восстановлении нормального кровотока они выводятся из мышечных тканей. Но почему же мышцы дают о себе знать неприятной крепатурой и через пару дней после тренировки. Здесь все просто: во время тяжелой физической нагрузки волокна мышечной ткани во многих местах получают микроразрывы. С одной стороны, эти маленькие разрывы сродни растяжению мышцы, боль от которого известна всем, но только в очень маленьком маштабе. Но с учетом того, что таких разрывов очень много, болевые ощущения очень существенны. Но не стоит считать мышечную болевые ощущения исключительно врагом. Ведь именно благодаря им мозг дает команду на восстановление поврежденного участка, а защитная реакция нашего организма добавляет к этому восстановлению небольшой запас, суперкомпенсацию, чтобы в будущем, при том же уровне нагрузки, мышцы без проблем справились с ней. Хотя здесь нужно знать меру между стимуляцией роста и травмой. При значительном разрыве ткани происходит долгое восстановление, которое не позволяет нагружать поврежденный участок.
Кто-то спросит, почему же микроразрывы, даже в большом количестве, вызывают длительную, иногда несколько дней, боль. Это происходит вследствие воспаления поврежденных участков. Поэтому до снятия воспаления сложно расчитывать на устранение болезненных ощущений.
Методы снижения мышечных болей после тренировки
Методы борьбы с крепатурой в мышцах
Но какими же методами можно уменьшить последствия данных факторов?
Баня и сауна. Принцип прост: чтоб вывести продукты распада молочной кислоты в кратчайшие сроки, нужно обеспечить хороший приток крови в нагруженные тренировкой мышцы. Так что весьма хорошим методом будут баня, сауна или горячая ванна. В процессе посещения бани или сауны мы обеспечиваем глубокий прогрев тела, в том числе и мышечной ткани. А при прогреве значительно улучшается кровоток. Правила посещения отдельно вам напоминать в данной статье не нужно, хотя упомянуть запрет на спиртные напитки в бане, наверное, стоит.
Массаж. Еще одним весьма эффективным методом восстановления мышц после тренировки является массаж. Тут долгого объяснения не требуется, единственное, старайтесь выбирать спортивный вид данной процедуры, в котором используют самые эффективные методы разминки мышц и суставов для лучшего притока крови.
Гидратация. Очень важным фактором является и густота вашей крови и гидрированность ваших мышц (о влиянии низкого уровня потребления воды читаем подробно здесь). И первое и второе обеспечивается достаточным приемом воды в день, и помимо наличия воды, конечно, важно и ее качество. Стоит употреблять чистую негазированную воду не менее 2 литров в день.
Разминка и растяжка. Многие из вас вспомнят о хорошем кровенаполнении мышц посредством тренировки. Но не стоит забывать, что у нас после физнагрузок образуется большое количество микроразрывов мышечной ткани. А вот эти самые разрывы требуют восстановления. Поэтому легкая разминка нам подойдет, а вот тяжелый пампинг нет.
© 2014 Павел Курской
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