Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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More recently, several lawmakers have been pressing the Pentagon to reform its record-keeping systems. Senator Carper, the Delaware Democrat, and Senator Tom Coburn of Oklahoma, the ranking Republican on the Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee, have conducted investigations and requested GAO audits of the military - including the audit released in December last year.
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âShe sent photos on a regular basis. Lots of family photos with her nieces, who she adores, family reunions, formal business sessions, her wedding and some bathing suit photo ... Never anything improper,â Powell said.
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But Congress rejected his proposals to restrict sales ofcertain types of guns and require greater background checks.Gun-rights groups opposed the measures, saying they wouldinfringe on Americans' constitutional rights.
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Wildlife is richer in areas where different heights of planting meet, such as where ground cover hits higher herbaceous plants and where hedge meets meadow. This has been maximised by the curved lines of the hedge increasing its length, which also adds a more contemporary feel.
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Civil servant Anneloes Rynders prefers being unusual: "In my youth it wasn't nice to be different. It changed about the age of 16 or 17. I got more confidence, I went out and got attention because I'm a redhead."
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Many businesses polled by the NABE said they were holding back on hiring due to the costs imposed by the law. The survey also showed 15 percent of service sector firms planned to shift to more part-time workers due to Obamacare. But that may not be translating into hiring decisions.
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The BBC's Patrick Jackson has been speaking to people from around the country to find out if they believe their government should continue to support bailout deals for the eurozone's struggling economies.
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News reports and other internet chatter helped it become notorious. However, most users would not have been able to stumble upon the site as the service could only be accessed through a service called Tor - a facility that routes traffic through many separate encrypted layers of the net to hide data identifiers.
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Cassandra Feuerstein, 47, said in a federal lawsuit against the Skokie Police Department that the March 10 incident required facial reconstructive surgery and the insertion of a titanium plate to "replace the bones that had been shattered,â the Chicago Tribune reports.
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The British-born Elson met White when she appeared in the White Stripes' "Blue Orchid" video. They tied the knot in 2005 in Brazil and separated in 2011, heralding their split by throwing a big bash in honor of "their 6th anniversary and their upcoming divorce."
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For the Republicans, there won't be a natural front runner, and several governors are considered strong candidates if they run, partly because they could campaign as Washington outsiders eager to clean up the mess in the capital. They include Christie, Jindal, and Scott Walker of Wisconsin. It's also possible that a Democratic governor could give Clinton a serious challenge by running as a Washington outsider.
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The Danish food ingredients maker posted abigger-than-expected rise in fourth quarter operating profit,aided by sales growth in all of its three business units, andsaid it expected a steady profit margin in the year ahead.
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Another protest took place in Brussels on Saturday. In the summer the dim outlook for cultivation in the EU led the company to abandon plans to win approval for growing new types of genetically modified maize, sugar beet and soybean there.
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Guggenheim, which launched its first corporate bond BulletShares ETF in 2010, had record sales For its BulletShares suite in July, according to Bill Belden, head of product development and managing director, who expects inflows to continue apace as investors seek to protect against rising rates.
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Associated Press have published a helpful cheat-sheet of "what to expect at this year's summit of the G20, nations that represent two-thirds of the world's population, 85 per cent of its GDP and its leading armies."
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Moms benefit significantly from breastfeeding their little ones, even if it seems a bit of a challenge  at times.  By letting their infant latch on, moms assist their uterus in going back to regular size after childbirth.  Breastfeeding releases oxytocin which is the love hormone, also responsible for those uterine contractions and it helps the mom in avoiding postpartum depression.  Breastfeeding also helps mothers lose any unwanted pregnancy weight as well as being one of the most effective birth-control methods around.  At around 98% effective, (more than condoms and the diaphragm) nursing your little one can keep the new family under control while everyone is still adjusting to their new little member without worry.
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Consultant urologist Steve Bromage said, "This is a significant advance. The new cost-effective technique helps surgeons preserve as much kidney function as possible while still removing all the malignant tissue.
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Can snake-like robots do a better job exploring Mars than the wheeled rovers humans have previously sent to the red planet? That's the working theory of researchers at the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), who believe that such a bot could help tackle the primary challenge in navigating Mars: maneuverability. A snake robot could slither into tight, confined areas that a larger rover simply wouldn't be able to access, they say. This would allow scientists to collect invaluable samples from regions of Mars that have previously been difficult or impossible to reach.
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Jesse Jackson Jr., the 48-year-old son of civil rights leader the Rev. Jesse Jackson and a one-time golden boy of Democratic politics, is now effectively broke thanks to his legal troubles, his lawyers have said.
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It remains very much a home-grown project. The spare bedroom at the Tomalin-Reeves house doubles as the studio, littered with plastic prototypes made on a 3D printer, and pictures of Tomalin-Reeves’s inspirations, including Fifties Italian jugs and cars – lots of cars. “I’m obsessed with cars. It’s a bit sad really,” the designer admits.
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For the 5-1 Patriots, it was a typical win, against all odds, with key players hurt and Brady coming out on top. Now it will fall to the Jets, who came into this weekend hoping to tie for the AFC East lead with a win over the Steelers and a Patriots loss. Now, theyâll be desperate to avoid a second loss to New England, which would put them, in effect, four games back.
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The agreement reached last Saturday in Geneva set some very ambitious deadlines. Syria was given just a week to hand over "a comprehensive listing" to the OPCW, including names and quantities of chemical weapons agents, types of munitions, as well as where and how Syria's chemical weapons are developed, produced and stored.
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Hannah witnessed the showdown before agents whisked her away to an Idaho hospital. She was not physically injured, but the horror was not over. She was still to learn about the deaths of her 42-year-old mother, Christina Anderson, and 8-year-old brother, Ethan Anderson.
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"Everything that has been said about the Middle East was once said about the Balkans," said Madeline Albright, who served as secretary of State during the Clinton administration, while speaking at the Aspen Institute on Wednesday. "Many of the factors that split Syria were on display less than two decades ago in Bosnia and Kosovo."
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The storm was located about 270 miles (440 kilometers) southeast of Puerto Rico around 5 p.m. EDT Tuesday, according to the U.S. National Hurricane Center in Miami. The storm had maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 kph), and was moving west-northwest at 26 mph (43 kph).
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In Call of Duty: Ghosts, Clans will plan an integral part in the multiplayer experience, according to Infinity Ward. With this iteration, the Call of Duty Clan Wars game experience is cross-platform, which mean it will allow players to join a Clan with friends regardless of whether they play on Xbox, PlayStation or PC.
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The dollar extended losses against the yen after the Bank ofJapan kept its policy on hold and had its most upbeat assessmentin two and a half years. But analysts said the fall in the pairwas likely to be short-lived.
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"We are hopeful that China will carefully consider the concerns it heard this week from many of its negotiating partners, and revise its position in a way that will allow the prompt resumption of the negotiations," Froman said.
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âTo increase the pace of economic growth, we need anincrease in labor productivity, and monetary stimulus willhardly be sufficiently effective here,â she said. Given thesmall output gap and high inflation expectations, there areâgrounds to keep interest rates on the main operations at thecurrent level.â
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The Dow Jones is considered the "Main Street" view of how well the stock market is performing, but is less significant than the broader Standard & Poor's 500, which institutions use as a benchmark.
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The firm's hedge fund has gained around 19 percent this yearto Oct. 11, against a 9 percent rise in the average equity hedgefund according to Hedge Fund Research, while the firm'slong-only fund is up 25 percent.
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