Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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A member of ''Women of the Wall'' group wears a prayer shawl and Tefillin, leather straps and boxes containing sacred parchments, that Orthodox law says only men should don, during a monthly prayer session at the Western Wall in Jerusalem's Old City May 10, 2013.
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So, a day of drama comes to a close with Chris Froome tightening his grip on the yellow jersey. Let's not forget that unsavoury incident involving Mark Cavendish, though. A fan threw urine at him when he was out on the road. Cav, understandably, was not happy.
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This will be a grave error, not so much because Prof Summers is ill-qualified for the job – though, as I will argue, in some respects he is – but because he is a divisive and controversial figure who splits opinion even among Democrats, let alone the Republican Party, where he is widely despised.
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SAN DIEGO, CA - JULY 20: (L-R) Actor Jason Clarke, actress Keri Russell and actor Andy Serkis speak at the 20th Century Fox 'Dawn of the Planet of the Apes' panel during Comic-Con International 2013 at San Diego Convention Center on July 20, 2013 in San Diego, California. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)
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While âpeaceful meansâ and âmeasures not involving the use of armed force,â as defined in the UN Charter, technically remain on the table for the Council, they have abjectly failed thus far as a means to prevent and stop the violations.
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