Стиль «Ямато-э»
27 января 2017, 07:53
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Этот характерный для китайской живописи стиль берет свое начало в 1644 году, когда Китай оказался под господством маньчжурской династии Цин. В этот период большое количество китайцев вынуждены были переселиться в Японию. Бежав из Китая, они взяли с собой самое дорогое для них - иллюстрированные книги и картины. Содержание этих книг вызвало в Японии интерес.
Монах Тенсю Сюбун (начало XV в.) и его прославленный ученик Сэссю Тойо (1420–1506) глубоко внедрили в японское художественное сознание это китайское видение живописи и мира. В этот период и появляется стиль ямато-э. В этом стиле соединяются живопись в «японском стиле» с китайской абстракцией – живописью ярких красок и старинной национальной традицией.
Подлинная школа ямато-э использует главным образом минеральные краски, которые смешиваются с клеем. Интенсивность полученного цвета зависит от тонкости порошка: чем тоньше порошок, тем светлее цвет. Наложенные на плоскость, то есть на основу шелка или бумаги, эти цвета становятся интенсивнее, глубже, усиленные стремлением к идеализму — общей направленностью японских художников, не слишком озабоченных достижением точного сходства.
Как и китайская живопись, японская, за исключением отдельных портретов, мало использует тень. Если потребность в этом оказывается настоятельной, то используют прием, который называется каэригума и состоит в том, чтобы еще больше высветлить именно светлые фрагменты, вместо того чтобы усилить тень.
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If marmosets take turns, that points to a different hypothesis. Like humans, they are cooperative breeders. Males and females work together to raise their young, typically as a monogamous pair and often with help from older siblings. âThe idea is that this strategy of cooperative breeding specifically makes them more friendly,â says Ghazanfar. Turn-taking may be a symptom of this temperamentâa by-product of breeding habits that make for a generally more cooperative primate.
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At a hearing this month into the conduct of a doctor working in the hospitalâs A&E department, the Medical Practitionersâ Tribunal Service was told it was a âlesser riskâ having the doctor at work in the unit than leaving the A&E department short-staffed.
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The 36-story tower is located on Fifth Avenue in the heart of New York City, adjacent to Rockefeller Center, and is home to a number of corporate tenants. Preet Bharara, the U.S. attorney in Manhattan, said Tuesday that the seizure and sale of the property would be the government's largest-ever terrorism-related forfeiture.
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Roethlisberger completed 26 of 41 passes for 406 yards and threw two touchdowns to Antonio Brown, but the Steelers fell to 0-3 for the first time since 1986 thanks to an avalanche of mistakes. Pittsburgh committed five turnovers, four of which led directly to points by the opportunistic Bears (3-0).
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As many as 1,400 firefighters were dispatched Thursday to tackle the blaze in the mountains and another raging further north in the national park of Alvao, where 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) of pine forest have already been destroyed, according to the local mayor.
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Zahau's mother, Pari Zahau, and sister, Mary Zahau-Loehner, are seeking $10 million in damages and a trial by jury, according to the complaint filed Friday in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California.
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In Wisconsin, unions that arenât certified are still allowed to operate but arenât allowed to bargain for limited base-wage increases with the district. However, trying to get re-certified after falling behind a cycle or two will cost the union money. And that money will likely come from dues raised from members. Still, Brey seems to be taking the judgment in stride.
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The International Monetary Fund trimmed its global growthforecast on Tuesday for the fifth time since early last year,due to a slowdown in emerging economies and recession-struckEurope, which also put a lid on oil prices.
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"State aid control does not enable the Commission to'harmonise' measures that member states intend to implement, butmerely to set minimum standards for them to be compatible withthe internal market," the spokesman for the EC's competitiondivision said. "Inconsistencies ... are thus due to the choicesof member states."
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One of Bush's sons, former President George W. Bush, opposed same-sex marriage and in 2004 announced his support for a proposed constitutional amendment to outlaw it. But his wife, Laura Bush, and their daughter Barbara Bush support gay marriage, as does his former vice president, Dick Cheney, whose daughter Mary Cheney is openly gay.
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The parents of the victim, who cannot be identified under Indian law, had tears in their eyes as the verdicts were read. The mother, wearing a pink sari, sat just a few feet from the convicted men in a tiny courtroom jammed with lawyers, police and reporters.
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Tourre's lawyers have indicated they will try to challenge Schwartz's credibility as a witness because the SEC has investigated her role in a different collateralized debt obligation. It recently closed that probe.
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"This statement is one step short of openly contemplatingthe possibility of a default or payment delays by Greece on itsliabilities to the IMF," Batista said, referring to the Fund'scornerstone policy of barring countries from defaulting on it.
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House Republican leaders acted to break a logjam innegotiations by proposing a bill to raise the federalgovernment's debt limit without attachments. The move was asignificant shift for Republicans, who had tried to use themust-pass legislation to extract concessions from Democrats onspending and gutting the new healthcare law known as Obamacare.
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Over 230 people have been killed in violence linked to Boko Haram in the last six weeks, according to a Reuters count - one of the bloodiest periods since Jonathan declared a state of emergency and launched a military crackdown in three northeastern states in May.
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Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia found that elderly people with the stiffest arteries were most likely to show the kinds of damage to brain tissue often seen in people with dementia. Although heart-unhealthy lifestyles have been linked to increased risk of Alzheimer’s diseaseâthe most common form of dementia in older adultsâthe results of this study suggest there may be a silver lining: “This is more evidence that cardiovascular health leads to a healthy brain,” says University of Pittsburgh researcher Timothy Hughes, PhD, the lead author of the study.
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Although Unilever is the first in its sector of fast-moving consumer goods to warn on its growth rates, sports group Adidas rapped out a similar alert in the middle of September, citing the same reasons.
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Jenna Jameson was supposed to participate in a two-part interview Monday morning on "Good Day New York," but the former adult film star's segment was apparently cut short after a puzzling first half.
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And, in a significant shift highlighted at the conference, leading Alzheimer’s researchers are identifying a new category called “subjective cognitive decline," which is people’s own sense that their memory and thinking skills are slipping even before others have noticed.
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Saturday’s event was a counter-demonstration to a pro-independence rally in Catalonia last month and calls for a referendum on breaking away. Those demonstrating on Spain’s national day were eager to show that they hold both their region and the country in their hearts.
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A consensus estimate of 13 analyst forecasts provided byGlencore saw half-year core profit, or earnings before interest,tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) at $5.88 billion,and attributable profit, or net earnings, of $1.7 billion.
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The governing Front for Victory party got the most votes in six of seven provinces with senate races, but its slates for the house of deputies led in only eight of Argentina’s 23 provinces and trailed in all of the most populous provinces as well as the city of Buenos Aires.
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Only the chief executives of Nevada, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Washington are the highest paid administrators in their states, the survey found. Governors' pay ranges from $70,000 in Maine to $187,256 in Pennsylvania, but top state administrators' salaries soar from a range of $117,104 to $525,000.
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